Notes About Network Protocols

• Protocol suites define interactions between layers of software and/or hardware

TCP/IP

• Structure: 4 layers
• Most widely deployed
• IP Address (Class A, B, C, D)
• Domain Name Service
• Routing Table
• Protocol and Port Numbers (Sockets)
• Domain Name Service

ISO/OSI (Open System Interconnect)

• Born at same time as TCP/IP
• Structure: 7 layers
• Complex, existing applications relatively slow
• Much smaller deployment as of 1993
• NIST Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile (GOSIP) attempts to promote migration to OSI

Multiplexing/Demultiplexing

UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Program)

Proprietary (Closed)

• SNA (IBM)
• DECnet (DEC)
• Netware (Novell)
• Vines (Banyan)
• XNS (XEROX)
• NetBIOS
• Appletalk (Apple)

Other Protocols & Standards of Note

• ABI: create cross-platform shareable UNIX binaries (USL)
• DES: Data Encryption Standard (ANSI)
• FDDI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface (ANSI)
• GKS: two-dimensional graphics (ANSI)
• NNTP: Network News Transfer Protocol (Usenet)
• PHIGS: two and three-dimensional graphics (ANSI)
• POSIX: attempt to standardize UNIX (IEEE)
• SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language): document formatting (ISO)
• SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
• SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• SQL (Structured Query Language): database queries (ANSI)
• X.25: alternate packet-switching, outmoded (CCITT)
• X.400: OSI mail interchange (CCITT)
• X.500: OSI directory services (CCITT)
• X Windows: client/server windowing (MIT)
• Z39.50: server-client database queries (NISO, ANSI)